Where to download c++?????

You May Download C++ software in the link below.....
just click ob one of the link and follow the instruction.

1. http://www.microsoft.com/visualstudio/en-us/products/2010-editions/visual-cpp-express
2. http://edn.embarcadero.com/article/20633
3. http://sourceforge.net/projects/dev-cpp/
4. http://visual_c_express.en.softonic.com/

The do…while Repetition Statement

• Example (letting counter = 1):
• do {
• printf( "%d ", counter );
• } while (++counter <= 10);
• Prints the integers from 1 to 10

Flowchart of the do…while repetition statement

example...

result...

Recursive Function

Definition....

• A recursive function is one that calls itself repetitively until a final call is made thet no longer requires a self-call.
• Functions that call themselves
• Can only solve a base case
• Divide a problem up into
• What it can do
• What it cannot do
• What it cannot do resembles original problem
• The function launches a new copy of itself (recursion step) to solve what it cannot do.
• Eventually base case gets solved
• Gets plugged in, works its way up and solves whole problem.

Recursion: Factorials of nonnegative numbers

• Example: factorials
• 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1
• Notice that 
• 5! = 5 * 4!
• 4! = 4 * 3!......
• It can compute factorials recursively
• Solve base case ( 1! = 0! = 1) then plug in
• 2! = 2 * 1! = 2 * 1 = 2 ;
• 3! = 3 * 2! = 3 * 2 = 6 ;

Recursive Evaluation of 5!

Logical Operators

•  && ( logical AND )
•  Returns true if both conditions are true
•  || ( logical OR )
•  Returns true if either of its conditions are true
•  ! ( logical NOT, logical negation )
•  Reverses the truth/falsity of its condition
•  Unary operator, has one operand
•  Useful as conditions in loops

     Expression                Result
     true && false             false
     true || false             true
     !false                    true

Truth table for the && (logical AND) operator.

Truth table for the logical OR (||) operator.

Truth table for operator ! (logical negation).

Operator Precedence and Associativity

The for Repetition Statement

•  Format when using for loops
• for ( initialization; loopContinuationTest; increment )statement
•  Example:
• for(counter = 1; counter <= 10; counter++ ) (No semicolon (;)
  after last expression)
• printf( "%d\n", counter );
•  Prints the integers from one to ten 

• For loops can usually be rewritten as while loops:
• initialization;
• while ( loopContinuationTest ) {
• statement;
• increment;
• }
•  Initialization and increment
• Can be comma-separated lists
•  Example:
• for ( i = 0, j = 0; j + i <= 10; j++, i++)
• printf( "%d\n", j + i );

Flowcharting a typical for repetition statement

example...

result...

Math Library Functions

• Math library functions
• Perform common mathematical calculations
• #include <math.h>
• Format for calling functions
• FunctionName( argument );
• » If multiple arguments, use comma-separated list
• printf( "%.2f", sqrt( 900.0 ) );
• » Calls function sqrt, which returns the square root of its argument
• » All math functions return data type double
• Arguments may be constants, variables, or expressions

Commonly used library functions

continue...

Repetition Essentials

• Loop
•  Group of instructions computer executes repeatedly while some condition remains true
•  Counter-controlled repetition
•  Definite repetition: know how many times loop will execute
•  Control variable used to count repetitions
•  Sentinel-controlled repetition
•  Indefinite repetition
•  Used when number of repetitions not known
•  Sentinel value indicates "end of data"